Detección de los cambios geomorfológicos fluviales del río El Bañado y la formación de la Laguna San Juan de Candua, Chuquisaca, Bolivia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56469/rae.v4i1.1791Palabras clave:
dinámica morfológica fluvialResumen
El estudio analiza los cambios de la geomorfología del sistema fluvial del río El Bañado que se encuentra en el municipio de Monteagudo (Bolivia: Chuquisaca) durante los últimos 47 años, con énfasis en su relación con la formación y cambios de la laguna San Juan de Candúa. Se emplearon imágenes satelitales de alta resolución de libre acceso como KH-9 HEXAGON, SPOT y Airbus. Los resultados muestran mediante imágenes satelitales históricas, que el río presentaba un curso sinuoso en 1978, pero entre 1980 a 1987 comenzó a rectificarse, probablemente debido a procesos naturales como erosión y sedimentación, junto con intervenciones humanas como la expansión urbana y la construcción de infraestructura vial. Estos cambios influyeron en la aparición de la laguna San Juan, visible desde 1991, cuya formación se atribuye a inundaciones, acumulación de agua superficial o alteraciones en el cauce del río El Bañado. La laguna ha experimentado fluctuaciones significativas en el área del espejo de agua notables desde el 2002, con un pico máximo en 2020 (8000 m²) asociado a lluvias intensas y eventos de inundación, seguido de una disminución en años posteriores, posiblemente debido a sequías, sedimentación o actividades humanas. Actualmente, la laguna presenta un área de 1528.2 m² en época seca, con un volumen estimado de 1,588,564 m³ de agua. Sin embargo, muestra signos de eutrofización, con más del 90% de su superficie cubierta por macrofitas flotantes, lo que afecta su dinámica ecológica. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de monitorear la dinámica fluvial y lacustre para una adecuada gestión de los recursos hídricos, especialmente en contextos donde las actividades humanas interactúan fuertemente con sistemas naturales.
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