Dinámica geomorfológica del río El Bañado y su influencia en la formación de la laguna San Juan de Candúa, Monteagudo (Chuquisaca, Bolivia)
Geomorphological dynamics of the El Bañado River and its influence on the formation of the San Juan de Candúa lagoon, Monteagudo (Chuquisaca, Bolivia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56469/rae.v4i1.1791Palabras clave:
dinámica morfológica fluvial, lago pequeño, palustreResumen
El estudio analiza los cambios geomorfológicos del sistema fluvial del río El Bañado y su relación con la formación y cambios de la laguna San Juan de Candúa, ubicado en el municipio de Monteagudo (Bolivia: Chuquisaca) durante los últimos 45 años. Para ello, se emplearon imágenes satelitales de alta resolución (KH-9 HEXAGON, SPOT y Airbus), cartas cartográficas 1:50 000 del Instituto Geográfico Militar y mediciones batimétricas in situ del lago. El análisis multitemporal revela que el río presentaba un curso sinuoso (1978), pero entre 1980 a 1987 comenzó un proceso de rectificación, probablemente debido a procesos naturales como erosión y sedimentación, así como por actividades antrópicas como la expansión urbana y obras viales. Estos cambios geomorfológicos habrían favorecido la formación de la laguna San Juan, visible desde 1991, producto de inundaciones recurrentes y alteraciones del cauce fluvial. Desde el 2002, se observan fluctuaciones significativas en el espejo de agua, alcanzando un máximo de 8 000 m² (2002), asociado a lluvias intensas y eventos de inundación, seguido de una disminución posiblemente vinculada a sequias, colmatación y presión antrópica. Sin embargo, muestra signos de eutrofización avanzada, similar a otras lagunas regionales afectadas por las actividades antropogénicas y el cambio climático. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de monitorear la dinámica fluvial y lacustre para una adecuada gestión de los recursos hídricos, especialmente en contextos donde las actividades humanas interactúan fuertemente con sistemas naturales.
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