Las Hormigas epígeas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) como bioindicadores de perturbación en suelos para los valles secos interandinos (Sucre, Bolivia)
Epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as bioindicators of degraded soil in the inter-andean dry valleys (Sucre, Bolivia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56469/rae.v5i1.2326Palabras clave:
Cobertura Forestal, Diversidad, Monte Willca, PerturbaciónResumen
Este estudio evalúa la diversidad y composición de hormigas epigeas (Formicidae) como bioindicadores de perturbación del suelo en el Área Protegida Monte Willca (Sucre, Bolivia), considerando tres niveles de perturbación: sin perturbar (SP), semi perturbado (SMP) y perturbado (EP). Las hormigas fueron recolectadas mediante trampas de caída y se analizaron propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo (conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica y capacidad de intercambio catiónico), además de la cobertura vegetal. Los resultados mostraron que el área SP presentó la mayor diversidad (índice de Shannon: 1,31) y equitatividad, con predominio de los géneros Pheidole y Dorymyrmex. En el área SMP se observó una diversidad intermedia y mayor heterogeneidad, mientras que el área EP mostró una marcada dominancia de géneros tolerantes al estrés, como Solenopsis y una riqueza más baja. La degradación del suelo en EP se relacionó con una mayor salinidad (0,31 dS/m) y baja materia orgánica (0,17%). Los análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y las matrices de correlación evidenciaron asociaciones entre la fertilidad del suelo, la cobertura vegetal y la diversidad de hormigas. Estos resultados destacan el potencial de las hormigas epígeas como bioindicadores efectivos del estado del suelo y refuerzan la importancia de implementar estrategias de manejo sostenible en ecosistemas áridos y frágiles.
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