Retos y soluciones en el manejo de nematodos fitoparásitos en el cultivo de banana (Musa spp.)
Challenges and solutions in the management of phytoparasitic nematodes in banana crops (Musa spp.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56469/rae.v3i2.1579Palabras clave:
control químico, control biológico, resistencia, materia orgánicaResumen
El cultivo de banano (Musa spp.) es fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria y la economía global, especialmente en lugares como República Dominicana y Puerto Rico donde enfrenta grandes desafíos debido a los nematodos fitoparásitos, como Radopholus similis y Helicotylenchus multicinctus, que afectan el sistema radicular y reducen los rendimientos hasta en un 20%. Aunque históricamente se han utilizado nematicidas químicos, las preocupaciones ambientales y su limitada efectividad a largo plazo han impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas más sostenibles. Este estudio analiza diversas estrategias agroecológicas para manejar estos nematodos, como el uso de microorganismos antagonistas (hongos y bacterias), la incorporación de compost y vermicomposta, y el mejoramiento genético mediante variedades resistentes como FB920 y Pisang Lilin. El aporte del análisis y discusión, hacen referencia que estas prácticas no solo reducen las poblaciones de nematodos, sino que también mejoran la salud del suelo y aumentan los rendimientos. Por tanto, un enfoque integrado que combine agroecología y mejoramiento genético ofrece una solución sostenible y eficaz para el manejo de nematodos en el cultivo de banano.
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