Microbiological Quality and Antimicrobial Activity of Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) Honey in the Chaco Region of Chuquisaca

Abstract

Honey produced by Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) was analyzed using 46 honey samples collected from meliponaries located in ten sites within the Serranía del Iñao Protected Area and two outside, covering the municipalities of Monteagudo and Villa Vaca Guzmán (Muyupampa). Standardized methods were employed to collect honey samples from rational hives and the Muyupampa collection center. In the laboratory, microbiological quality analyses were performed following the Bolivian Standard 38023, along with antimicrobial activity assays against the ATCC 25923 strain (Staphylococcus aureus) using the diffusion method. The results revealed acceptable microbiological quality in Tetragonisca angustula honey, except for yeast and mold counts in certain regions and production stages. This highlights the need to improve handling practices, particularly in La Tapera and during harvesting, to meet international standards. Additionally, the honey demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, sometimes surpassing the positive control, positioning it as a promising alternative in combating bacterial resistance. Tetragonisca angustula honey exhibits acceptable microbiological quality and high antimicrobial activity, underscoring its potential against resistant bacteria.