INTERVENTION OF NURSING STAFF IN THE IMMEDIATE CARE OF PATIENTS WITH HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Abstract

Hypovolemic shock is an alteration of circulatory status in which the percentage of fluids in the body is too low, due to causes such as diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, or bleeding. This type of condition can be fatal because the organs cannot receive enough blood and oxygen. The objective of this study is to determine nursing interventions in the immediate care of patients with hypovolemic shock in urgent and emergency departments. The methodology was quantitative-descriptive, non-experimental, and bibliographic documentary review was used to gather information from databases, questionnaires, and surveys. The results determined that 75% of nursing staff perform correct actions for continuous assessment of patients with hypovolemic shock, and 17% and 8% perform ineffective actions for continuous assessment of hypovolemic shock. Regarding risk factors, 75% of nursing staff have accurate knowledge of the risk factors for developing hypovolemic shock, which are vomiting, diarrhea, extensive burns, and external and internal bleeding, and 17% and 8% have little knowledge about the risk factors. 75% of nursing staff perform initial treatment correctly for hypovolemic shock, and 25% do not perform initial treatment correctly. Nursing care in patients with hypovolemic shock requires the multisystemic intervention of all professionals who make up the emergency area, with an assessment that determines comprehensive care. In conclusion, adequate and timely intervention by emergency nursing professionals must occur from admission to the completion of the patient's treatment. Therefore, the therapeutic approach to hypovolemic shock is based on rapid and adequate replacement of intravenous fluids, identification of the underlying cause, and distinguishing complications with continuous patient monitoring. It is a medical emergency that requires rapid attention and action to improve the patient's prognosis and prevent complications.