PREDISPOSING FACTORS TO MELASMA ASSOCIATED WITH SKIN CARE IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF NURSING AND OBSTETRICS SCIENCES, UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR REAL Y PONTIFICIA DE SAN FRANCISCO XAVIER DE CHUQUISACA, SUCRE 2023

FACTORES PREDISPONENTES AL MELASMA ASOCIADO AL CUIDADO DE LA PIEL

Abstract

Summary

Melasma is a hyperpigmentation of the facial skin that predominates in dark phototypes (III to V). There are known triggering factors such as exposure to sunlight, pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives, use of certain cosmetics or drugs, genetic predisposition, autoimmune thyroid disorders, diets high in sugar and vitamin B12 deficiency.

The objective of the study was to determine the predisposing factors to melasma associated with skin care in female students of the Faculty of Nursing and Obstetrics Sciences UMRPSFXCH Sucre 2023.

Methodology. The study has a quantitative approach, analytical type and cross-sectional design. The population consisted of students of the Faculty of Nursing, which comprised 430 students. Information was collected through a survey that included a questionnaire to gather information on predisposing factors such as: family history, pregnancy, trimester of pregnancy, phenotype (eye and hair color), phototype (light or dark test), oral contraceptive OCP, use of sunscreen and type of diet.

Results. The study population was mainly identified as 17 to 43 years old, female and of urban origin. 31.4% presented melasma on the forehead, nose, cheekbones and chin. The 31.4% presented melasma on the forehead, nose, cheekbones and chin, with predisposition to contract melasma type III to V. The risk factors associated with melasma are family history and consumption of diet rich in fats, proteins and sugar OR>1, ^chi2 > 3.64 and a value of p<0.05, being statistically significant.

Key words: Factors, Melasma and skin care.